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Variables such as some children in a household or number of defective items in a box are discrete variables since the possible scores are discrete on the scale.įor example, a household could have three or five children, but not 4.52 children. Quantitative variables are again of two types: discrete and continuous. Note that these variables are expressed in numbers, for which we call them quantitative or sometimes numeric variables.Ī quantitative variable is one for which the resulting observations are numeric and thus possesses a natural ordering or ranking. That is, each of these properties or characteristics referred to above varies or differs from one individual to another. Likewise, family size is a quantitative variable, because a family might be comprised of one, two, three members, and so on. The age can take on different values because a person can be 20 years old, 35 years old, and so on. A simple example of a quantitative variable is a person’s age. Quantitative variables, also called numeric variables, are those variables that are measured in terms of numbers.
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Nominal variables are those who can neither be ranked nor logically ordered, such as religion, sex, etc.Ī qualitative variable is a characteristic that is not capable of being measured but can be categorized to possess or not to possess some characteristics. Ordinal variables are those which can be logically ordered or ranked higher or lower than another but do not necessarily establish a numeric difference between each category, such as examination grades (A+, A, B+, etc., clothing size (Extra large, large, medium, small). Similarly, place of residence may be categorized as being urban and rural and thus is a categorical variable.Ĭategorical variables may again be described as nominal and ordinal. Qualitative variables are sometimes referred to as categorical variables.įor example, the variable sex has two distinct categories: ‘male’ and ‘female.’ Since the values of this variable are expressed in categories, we refer to this as a categorical variable. ,etc.) differs qualitatively no ordering of religion is implied. The value of the variable ‘religion’ (Muslim, Hindu. The values of a qualitative variable do not imply a meaningful numerical ordering. Qualitative variables are those that express a qualitative attribute such as hair color, religion, race, gender, social status, method of payment, and so on.
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Types of VariableĪn important distinction between variables is between the qualitative variable and the quantitative variable. Here dividend is the variable.Įffectiveness, divorce and share prices are also variables because they also vary as a result of manipulating fertilizers, early marriage, and dividends. A business researcher may find it useful to include the dividend in determining the share prices. A social scientist may examine the possible effect of early marriage on divorce. In this case, the variable is the ‘type of fertilizers’.